I J F T M R
International Journal of Futuristic Trends in Multidisciplinary Research
IJFTMR Volume 1, Issue 1, March - 2014
Performance Improvement of CETP’s in Gujarat
Pratik Devani, Dr. S. A. Pauranik
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 1-4
Abstract - The water used for industrial processes is polluted byvarious activities carried out in process plants. This hazardous wastewater can’t be discharged directly on ground or in water bodies.Common effluent treatment plant is the concept of treating theeffluent by means of collective effort mainly for a cluster of smallscale industrial units. Low cost and nonconventional adsorbents likeactivated carbon, lignite, neem leaves are used as adsorbents forremoving COD of industrial waste water. In CETP the waste watertreatment is carried out in three stages primary, secondary and ternarytreatment. The treatment is carried out in sequence: pH adjustment,biological treatment and adsorption. The study aims at demonstratingthe adsorption as first stage of treatment increases the efficiency ofbiological treatment. Experiments are carried out on different wastewater samples from CETP and observing the effect of quantity andcontact time of adsorption for adsorbent like activated carbon, lignite.The result of COD reduction is fitted in to the different modelsavailable in the literature.
Recovery of Solvent for the Process of Di MethylAmino Iso Propyl chloride Hydrochloride
Sagar V. Modi, Prof. B. H. Shah
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 5-6
Abstract - The Manufacturing Process of DMIPC-HCl (Di MethylAmino IsoPropylchloride Hydro chloride) is carried out mainly byaddition of Thionyl Chloride, Di- Methyl Amino 2-Propanal andEthylene Di Chloride .This process produces large quantity ofEDC (Ethylene Di-Chloride) which is valuable Solvent .The focusof the study is to modify, intensify and develop an energy efficientprocess for recovery of solvent by condenser design which willbenefit the Pharma manufacturing units in Gujarat.
Solar Adsorption Refrigeration
Malav Khatri, Prof. N.M.Patel
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 7-10
Abstract - Mechanical cooling in form of refrigeration or airconditioning requires a large amount of electrical energy which is aindirect cause of global warming and conventional fuel depletion.Even the refrigerant used, are cause of Ozone layer depletion. Thus aneed to find an alternative to these problems led us to solar energywhich can be used in two ways, either solar absorption refrigerationor solar adsorption refrigeration. Solar absorption refrigerationsystems are already commercially available while adsorption basedsystems are still in research and development. Progress anddevelopment of adsorption based system are described in this paper.Further a prototype with silica gel – water pair is discussed in detail.
Supercritical Extraction of fenugreek (Trigonella FoenumGraceum L) seeds using CO2 as a solvent
Snehal R. Banker, Prof. N.R.Vaghela
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 11-13
Abstract - Since last 21st century, the role of chemical engineering isto introduce and promote innovative techniques. Supercriticalextraction is one of the advance processes used compared to that ofSoxhlet extraction. The main goal of the research is to find thedifferent parameters used to find out the maximum yield of oil andthe conditions at which oil is extracted. Different parameters such aspressure in range of 4200 Psi and 4500 Psi, and temperature in rangeof 50˚C, 45˚C, 41˚C, 35˚C and having 2 hours time duration. Thebest conditions to extract fenugreek seeds oil by using supercriticalextraction by CO2 as a solvent is 45˚C temperature, 4200 Psi pressureand 2 hours as time duration. The maximum yield of oil obtainedthrough experimental basis is 3.2293% extracted yield of oil.Application of fenugreek seeds oil is also mentioned and thepharmaceutical uses are explained.
Process Design of Sodium Sulphate CrystallizerwithMaterial Balance and Energy Balance
Dilip B. Kukadiya, Prof. C. G. Bhagchandani
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 14-16
Abstract - In the industrial crystallization;Sodium Sulphatecrystallizers are most often used. The applications of SodiumSulphate are widely used at dying industry as cathartic and in solarsystems. Sodium Sulphate is the bi-product of most of thecompanies. The reason is high acidity level in generated effluent.This is the very best option and it has its own cost. People wereusing Oslo type crystallizer before and then atmospheric centrifugecrystallizer, now adiabatic vacuum is very cost effective and highperformance giving crystallizer. It is combination of a crystallizer,a condenser and an ejector. At the outlet of crystallizer we getGlauber salt, a hydrated form of sodium sulphate salt. But aftercentrifuge and drying we can get pure dehydrated SodiumSulphate. In this study of Sodium Sulphate crystallizer, Materialbalance and Energy balance is very important to get process designdata. The paper discusses in detail material and energy balancesand thereby designs aspects for Sodium Sulphatecrystallizer.
Alternative Route for Synthesis of Urea-FormaldehydeResin & Its Kinetic Study
Mitul J. Parikh, Prof.S.B.Thakore
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 17-20
Abstract - Urea-formaldehyde resin is a clear thermosetting syntheticresin used in various ways as textiles, adhesives, surface-coatings,molding resins, laminating resins. It is made by condensing urea withformaldehyde in presence of a catalyst under controlled conditions ofheat; pH and molar ratios. Urea formaldehyde resin is in class ofstrong, odorless, colorless, water soluble and transparent type resins.Conventional urea-formaldehyde resin production is done by usingacid catalyst. In this paper a new route for production of ureaformaldehyderesin by using ion exchange resin has been suggestedand its kinetic study has been developed. A lab scale production ofurea formaldehyde resin has been carried out. Comparison of bothprocesses shows that percentage free formaldehyde present in theproduct is quite less by using ion exchange resin due to which odorproblem is greatly reduced. Formaldehyde affects people in variousways. When present in the air at levels at or above 0.1 ppm, acutehealth effects can occur including watery eyes; burning sensations inthe eyes, nose and throat; nausea; coughing; chest tightness;wheezing; skin rashes; and other irritating effects. Formaldehyde hascaused cancer in laboratory animals and may cause cancer in humans;there is no known threshold level below which there is no threat ofcancer. The risk depends upon amount and duration of exposure. Thenew route suggested for the manufacture of urea formaldehyde willnot only reduce the hazardous effects of formaldehyde but will alsoimprove the product quality.
Removal of Color and Cod Reduction from Pulp and PaperIndustry Effluent
Bhagwat Pooja V., Digvijaysinh D. Thakor, Prof. Khyati K. Modi
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 22-27
Abstract - Pulp and paper mills are generating millions of tons ofwastewater and are major source of water pollution. In thisresearch work, pulping wastes have been characterized and foundto contain very high COD, TSS and COLOR. Coagulationflocculationprocess was performed to find out the performance ofdifferent coagulants and flocculants like: aluminium chloride, polyaluminium chloride and copper sulphate. The initial pH of theeffluent (Coagulation pH) has tremendous effect on COD andcolour removal. Poly aluminium chloride (PAC) as coagulantreduced COD to 84 % and 92 % of colour was removed at anoptimum pH 5 and coagulant dose of 8 ml l-1. With aluminiumchloride at an optimum pH = 4 and coagulant dose of 5 g l-1, 74 %COD and 86 % colour removal were observed. The results usingcopper sulphate as coagulant (a less commercial coagulant) wereencouraging. At an optimum pH 6 and mass loading of 5 g l-1, 76% COD reduction and 78 % colour reduction were obtained. It wasalso observed that after addition of coagulant, the pH of theeffluent decreases. The decrease in pH was highest for AlCl3,which was followed by PAC and CuSO4. Significant amount ofCOD reductions was obtained by coagulation process. Since thecoagulation process is the first stage for treatment of effluent andsome of the coagulant cations usually remain in the treatedeffluents. Thus, cation like copper may be one of the goodcatalysts for second stage of treatment process like wet oxidation.The copper has been found to be good oxidation catalyst then ironand aluminum.
Effect of Industrial Air Pollution on Some Tree Speciesaround Industrial Area of Indore
Dr. Atul Thakkar
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 28-30
Abstract - The present study was conducted to know the effect ofdifferent air pollutants on some Plant. Plants and vegetation .Highfluctuation in concentration of pollutants effects the environment.The main object of study was to know the effect of combination ofpollutants in field conditions and its effect on plants productivity.Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the Impact of industrialpollution on some plant species of sanwer road and polo groundindustrial area of Indore.Attempt was made to know role of some chemicals in minimizing thepollutant injury in field.SPM, SO2, NOX were chosen for monitoringbecause of their prevalence in the ambient air.the air sample collectedfrom sanwer Road and polo ground industrial area of during two yearof studies with the help of High Volume Sampler equipment.
Manish V. Trivedi, Dr. R.P. Vasani
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 31-36
Abstract - The semi rigid connection may be thought of as a locallyweakened section between the end of the beam and the face of thecolumn to which connection is made. The typical test behavior of abolted or welded connection is shown in Fig.1which represents theplot of relationship between moments transmitted through theconnection and the relative angle change between the beam and thecolumn.
User’ Responses towards Rendering of LibraryServices
Patel Nareshkumar Trikamlal, Dr. Manubhai G. Patel
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 37-41
Abstract - Academic libraries like University and College Librariesrender services to their users. Types of services are also changed interms of quality as well as quantity. But, there is no such mirror, fromwhere responses of respondents can be reflected. i.e. whether they aresatisfied with the services rendered to them, what is their needs andexpectations, or what is their feedback about these services. In Indiaand particularly in Gujarat, such types of user studies are seldomheld. Hence, the researcher has decided to explore research work inthis field. The results indicated that almost all the user(respondents) was satisfied with the services rendered by theirrespective libraries.
The Human and the Inhuman in Narayan’s “The Maneaterof Malgudi”
Mrs.Dharna T. Bhatt, Mrs. Riddhi D. Pandya
Volume: 1 , Issue: 1 Publication Year: 2014 , Page(s): 42-44
Abstract - R. K. Narayan was a classic teller of tales. Narayan’sfiction rarely addresses political and high philosophical issues. Hewrites withgrace and humour, about a fictional town Malgudi and itsinhabitantsand their little lives. Malgudi a mini India represents hisIndiansensibility, his love for society, people and customs and aboveallhis deep understanding of human psychology. All his works arealmostsoaked in different colors of Indian culture, reflecting hisdeeprooted in Indian sensibility but his sensitive eye covers a vastspan of human world.